The electronic scientific journal "Young science of Siberia"

DIGITALIZATION OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Мария Владимировна Самарина — 2025-08-26

The article examines current trends in the digitalization of the global economy and its connection with innovative development. Key concepts of the digital economy and innovation are discussed, along with statistical and expert assessments of the growth of digital technologies in the world economy. Special attention is given to national digitalization strategies in Russia, the United States, and China, with an analysis of the role of government and business in promoting innovation. It is shown that digital transformation enhances the efficiency of economic processes but also poses challenges related to cybersecurity, digital infrastructure, and the training of qualified personnel. The main problems and prospects for the further development of the digital economy are identified, as well as the role of interstate cooperation and competition in this field.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIVIDEND YIELD AND INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS

Алина Николаевна Андреева — 2025-08-26

Absract: in the era of increased volatility of financial markets and increased competition for capital, the issue of assessing the investment attractiveness of corporations is becoming especially relevant. One of the key factors influencing investors' decisions is dividend yield. This paper is devoted to the study of the relationship between dividend yield and investment attractiveness of domestic corporations using financial ratios that reflect business efficiency and the financial condition of the company as a whole, such as P/E (market capitalization/profit), P/BV (market capitalization/book value), ROE (return on equity), EV/EBITDA (market capitalization/long-term liabilities). Particular attention is paid to the study of the specifics of the Russian market. The results obtained will allow us to assess how significant an indicator is dividend yield in assessing investment attractiveness and what factors can distort this relationship.

CURRENT ISSUES OF CATERING COMPANY DEVELOPMENT

Арина Сергеевна Астраханцева — 2025-08-26

The article discusses current issues of the development of catering enterprises in the context of the modern Russian economy. Special attention is paid to the relationship between the food industry and the catering sector, as well as its role in ensuring food security, employment and support for small businesses. The analysis of the production of the main categories of food products in Russia for 2022-2024 has been carried out, key consumption trends and demand shifts have been identified. The importance of public catering as a driver of the development of related industries of logistics and marketing is emphasized. The peculiarities of the functioning of public catering enterprises are highlighted, including their versatility, orientation to the direct consumer and high sanitary and hygienic requirements. Special attention is paid to the catering segment as the most dynamically developing area, especially in the context of expanding government orders and food delivery. The key role of marketing and logistics solutions for improving the efficiency of sales management and adapting to changes in demand is noted. A comparative analysis of the volumes of the catering and catering market is presented, which makes it possible to assess the dynamics of the industry, its stability and prospects for further growth.

CATEGORY MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCT SALES MANAGEMENT

Арина Сергеевна Астраханцева — 2025-08-26

The article considers category management as a key tool for increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of sales activities of a trading company. The main functions of trade are analyzed, and the special role of essential goods in ensuring the stability of consumption and social security is highlighted. Based on statistical data, the contribution of the trade industry to Russia's GDP is discussed, as well as the dynamics of trade in food and non-food products and the revenue of the country's leading grocery retailers. Special attention is paid to modern approaches to the formation of product categories based on the analysis of consumer behavior and the composition of the receipt, which helps optimize assortment, reduce costs and increase the profitability of trade organizations. The problems of traditional category management are identified, related to the internal competition of goods and the dependence of the result on one manager, which increases the risks for business. A new model of category formation is proposed, focused on the structure of real demand, which makes it possible to create an assortment that best meets customer expectations. It is concluded that the application of this approach contributes to the growth of sales efficiency and competitiveness of the enterprise, allowing minimizing costs and ensuring sustainable development in modern market conditions.

As a result, it is concluded that the effectiveness of the sales activity of a trading company directly depends on the application of a modern approach to creating categories of goods closest to the consumer.

STAFF RETENTION IN THE STATE LOGISTICS ORGANIZATION AS A FACTOR OF EFFECTIVE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Наталия Анатольевна Анисимова — 2025-08-26

This article examines the issue of staff retention as a factor of effective human resource management. The existing approaches to staff retention in the state logistics organization are analyzed and the most effective methods that can be used in the future are identified. The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that the current conditions for the successful development of the organization are due to a high change in the values of employees, as young professionals of generation Z and A enter the labor market, who want to see the employer as a partner who supports development and gives flexibility to the workflow

COMPULSORY CIVIL LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR VEHICLE OWNERS

Oksana Rusakova — 2025-08-26

Annotation. This article examines key aspects of civil liability insurance (MTPL) in Russia, including the main criteria for evaluating insurance companies and their services. The volumes of insurance premiums and payments are analyzed, as well as the consumer risk index, which serves as an important indicator of reliability and quality of service. The article includes an overview of the rating of insurance companies for MTPL for 2025, identifying the leaders and outsiders of the market. Particular attention is paid to the issues of choosing a reliable insurance company, as well as recommendations for consumers seeking to protect their interests. It is important to take into account the reliability rating of the Expert RA agency, which regularly publishes ratings of Russian insurers. In conclusion, the importance of careful analysis and a balanced approach when choosing an insurance policy is emphasized, which will allow clients to minimize risks and ensure their financial security. This is especially important in an unstable economic situation and an increasing number of road accidents, when proper insurance becomes a necessary element of protecting the property interests of car owners.

SPACE ACTIVITIES INSURANCE

Роман Игоревич Филиппов — 2025-08-26

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of space insurance, an integral component of the modern aerospace industry that ensures financial stability and unprecedented risk management. The paper examines in detail the main types of space insurance. A comparative analysis of the activities of leading insurance companies specializing in this unique market segment is conducted, and the categories of spacecraft insurance are systematized, allowing to differentiate risks depending on the type and purpose of the object.

Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of insurance premiums and payments in the world market, which allows to assess the current state and development trends of the industry. The main types of risks typical for space projects are identified, including explosion and fire at the cosmodrome, rocket complex; accident, equipment failure; damage to life or health of workers; harm to the environment; damage to third parties as a result of an accident and other processes associated with the launch of the apparatus. Key factors affecting the likelihood of insured events are considered.

In the final part of the work, current problems in the development of space insurance are identified, such as the lack of a stable insurance market; insufficient regulatory framework; underdeveloped infrastructure; lack of risk information; high uncertainty; lack of new technologies. At the same time, prospects for the development of the industry in the context of active commercialization of space and the emergence of new technologies are determined. The study is intended to contribute to the understanding of investment protection mechanisms in the space sector and to promote the formation of a more sustainable and safe space economy.

INSURANCE MARKET 2025: HOW NEW TRENDS CAN SOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF COMPULSORY MEDICAL INSURANCE

Оксана Игоревна Русакова — 2025-08-26

This article is devoted to the current problems of the compulsory medical insurance (CHI) system in the Russian Federation, exploring the possibilities of transformation that will open up in the insurance market by 2025. The authors conduct a comprehensive analysis of the existing compulsory health insurance system, considering its key actors, their roles and interactions. Special attention is paid to new trends in the insurance market, such as telemedicine, the use of artificial intelligence, the personalization of insurance products and the development of public-private partnerships, as potential drivers for solving accumulated problems. The paper analyzes in detail the dynamics of key indicators of the compulsory health insurance system in recent years, identifies the main trends and problem areas. Various stages of the development of the compulsory health insurance system are considered, taking into account both existing challenges and promising opportunities associated with the introduction of innovative technologies. The critical need for the active introduction and integration of innovative technologies into the compulsory health insurance system is emphasized in order to significantly increase the availability, quality and effectiveness of medical care provided. The authors argue that the competent use of telemedicine solutions, artificial intelligence algorithms for diagnostics and personalized insurance products will optimize processes, reduce costs and improve treatment outcomes, thereby increasing patient satisfaction and reducing the burden on the healthcare system as a whole. In conclusion, specific directions are proposed for the further development and improvement of the compulsory health insurance system, taking into account the realities of the insurance market in 2025.

A PROJECT TO IMPROVE THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF BACHELOR'S AND MASTER'S STUDENTS.

Екатерина Юрьевна Таныгина — 2025-08-26

This article discusses the main features of teaching bachelor's and master's students. Shortcomings in educational activities in general have been identified, and measures for their improvement have been proposed. Currently, the relevance of higher education is still quite high, its availability is very important both for future employers and for students themselves, most of whom plan to find a job in promising and developed companies and organizations in the labor market. Of great importance at the moment is not only the availability of higher education, but also the level of knowledge and competencies of students, which they receive during their studies at universities. In order to improve their level of education and gain a more complete understanding of their specialty, students enroll in the Master's program. It is worth noting that to enter administrative and managerial positions, the presence of a master's degree is mandatory.

However, despite receiving a master's degree and diplomas, the main problem in the employment of young professionals (former students) is an insufficient level of practical skills. Unfortunately, quite often future candidates have no idea what exactly they will be doing according to their profession. It can be said that educational programs are more designed for a theoretical rather than a practical component. This is one of the main and most important disadvantages in academic activities, and as a result, it is a great risk for students themselves, who are uncompetitive in the labor market, especially at the very beginning of their professional activities.

Due to this problem, it is necessary to propose measures to improve the educational process of students in order to increase the effectiveness of their studies, as well as, subsequently, increase motivation for work.

Keywords: educational activity, education system, bachelor's degree, master's degree, problems, improvement.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE UNEMPLOYMENT OF VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF WORKERS

Мария Владимировна Самарина — 2025-08-26

В данной статье рассматривается влияние цифровизации на безработицу среди различных категорий работников, анализируя как негативные, так и позитивные последствия этого процесса. Цифровизация приводит к сокращению рабочих мест в традиционных секторах, из-за автоматизации и роботизации, но одновременно создаёт новые возможности в IT, электронной коммерции и других цифровых сферах. Особое внимание уделяется проблеме структурной безработицы, вызванной несоответствием навыков работников требованиям современного рынка труда. На примере Иркутской области показаны динамика безработицы, возрастные группы наиболее уязвимых работников и методы поиска работы. В статье подчёркивается необходимость переквалификации, государственной поддержки и адаптации системы образования к изменениям, вызванным цифровизацией. Цифровизация меняет структуру рынка труда, создавая новые рабочие места в секторах, связанных с информационными технологиями, разработкой программного обеспечения, анализом данных, кибербезопасностью, электронной коммерцией и другими цифровыми направлениями. Цифровые технологии стимулируют развитие новых отраслей и рынков, таких как искусственный интеллект, интернет вещей, виртуальная реальность, что, в свою очередь, создает новые возможности для трудоустройства. Отмечено, что ИИ так же начинает занимать место и в творческих сферах: дизайнеры-генерация логотипов, изображений под любой запрос, написание текстов. Можно сделать вывод, что, хотя искусственный интеллект заменяет некоторые профессии, он так же создаёт и новые возможности.

FINANCIAL FRAUD TARGETING STUDENTS

Руслана Станиславовна Дугар-Жабон — 2025-08-26

In the modern world, one of the most pressing issues is the problem of fraudulent activities targeting various entities. Currently, there is a vast number of fraudulent schemes. The rapid development of digital technologies contributes to the emergence of new types of fraud. Malefactors actively use social engineering methods, with various categories of citizens falling victim to them. Recently, fraudsters have turned their close attention to the student youth. This article examines the main fraudulent schemes applied to students. It presents the results of a study conducted among students of the Irkutsk State University of Railway Engineering. A conclusion is drawn about the necessity of regularly conducting educational work, taking into account the specifics of fraudulent activities targeting students. Preventive educational work should be carried out during the study of various disciplines, as well as during events within the framework of extracurricular activities.

MIGRATION PERSONNEL POLICY IN RUSSIA AND THE WORLD

Анастасия Александровна Зайковская — 2025-08-26

The article analyzes the issues of migration personnel policy in the Russian Federation and in the world. The types of migration are described, as well as modern migration flows. It is emphasized that when creating a migration personnel policy, it is necessary to pay attention to: the safety of citizens of the host country, attracting talented people, facilitating the integration of those who really want to work, countering illegal migration, and suppressing offenses in this area. It is noted that despite the problems associated with migration, up to the threat to the national security of society and even the very existence of the state – the loss of its stability and even sovereignty, migration personnel policy cannot fail to comply with the principle of humanity. And given the severity of the country's demographic problem, the migration personnel policy of the Russian Federation must find a compromise between ensuring the country's national security and the need for population growth as a potential labor resource. It is known that the country's population growth can be achieved in three ways: an increase in the birth rate, an increase in life expectancy, and a softening of the attitude of the indigenous population towards migrants. The article also formulates the signs of an effective personnel policy: observing the priority of spiritual over material; using ethical values to protect the rights of Russian citizens and foreign migrants; ensuring security for citizens, improving the quality of life and their well-being.; ensuring compliance with laws and eliminating impunity for illegal actions of foreign citizens and officials who control migration; facilitating the integration of foreign citizens into Russian society; attracting morally oriented specialists to law enforcement agencies and immigration services; developing and implementing programs to combat illegal migration; using a moral and ethical compass to prevent violations of laws, etc.

IMPROVEMENT OF PERSONNEL SELECTION AND EVALUATION PROCESSES AT IRKUTSK POLYMER PLANT

Татьяна Сергеевна Бойчук — 2025-08-26

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the processes of personnel selection and assessment at the Irkutsk Polymer Plant (IZP), which is the largest investment project in Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East. Personnel selection and assessment are key factors determining the efficiency of organizations, especially in a rapidly changing market. The article examines in detail recruitment as a specialized HR function, which includes searching for and selecting candidates for vacant positions. Personnel assessment is presented as a set of tools and methods that allow identifying employee characteristics for making management decisions, which is necessary for the successful functioning of the company. An analysis of the current state of processes at IZP shows that traditional selection methods are used, such as posting vacancies on specialized portals and interviewing candidates. However, the average time to find and hire a new employee is about 45 days, which significantly exceeds the industry standard of 30 days, and the staff turnover rate reaches 12% per year. These indicators indicate the need to optimize current processes. The article also includes a description of methods for assessing the effectiveness of personnel selection, such as resume screening and interviews, and provides recommendations for improving HR practices. The proposed measures are aimed at improving the qualifications of personnel and reducing the time spent on selection, which will contribute to the successful launch and operation of the IZP at its design capacity.

PROFITABLE BUSINESS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION

Михаил Иванович Кулеш — 2025-08-26

The relevance of this work lies in the lack of information about which educational services are most in demand in the modern market and how they can be effectively commercialized. In an environment of high competition and diverse offerings, educational institutions and startups face the need to adapt to new consumer requirements and expectations. It is important to understand that a successful business in the field of education requires not only high-quality content, but also a competent approach to its promotion and implementation.

An important aspect of our work will be the commercialization of educational programs. We evaluate how educational services can be effectively promoted, which sales channels to use, and how to build relationships with customers.

In conclusion, we will offer recommendations for startups in education that will help them successfully enter the market and occupy their niche.

Thus, this work is aimed at studying the transformation of the field of education into a profitable business, which is an urgent and important topic in modern society.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF THE TOURISM BUSINESS IN THR IRKUTSK REGION

Дана Валерьевна Толмачева — 2025-08-26

Abstract. The tourism business in the Irkutsk Region is demonstrating steady growth, but faces a number of
challenges and needs to adapt to modern trends. The effective use of the region's unique natural and cultural
heritage to attract tourists and ensure the sustainable development of the industry is of strategic importance.
Solving this problem requires a comprehensive approach and can be considered in operational, tactical, and
strategic aspects.
In the short term (operational level), it is necessary to focus on improving the quality of service and
expanding the range of offered tourist products. In the medium term (tactical level), it is important to develop
tourism infrastructure, including transport accessibility, hotel stock, and entertainment facilities. This can be
achieved through attracting investment, implementing targeted programs, and public-private partnerships. Special
attention should be paid to the development of ecological and ethnographic tourism, which will not only attract a
new audience, but also preserve the unique natural and cultural resources of the region.
In the long term, it is important to create a sustainable tourism development system based on the principles
of environmental responsibility, social justice, and economic efficiency. This requires a comprehensive approach,
including the development of a long-term tourism development strategy, training qualified personnel, introducing
innovative technologies, and creating a favorable business environment. The use of digital technologies,
personalized offers, and the development of online platforms can significantly increase the attractiveness of the
region for tourists.
Ultimately, the sustainable development of the tourism business in the Irkutsk Region is a strategic task that
requires coordinated efforts from the government, business, and local population. By working together, the Irkutsk
Region can become one of the leading tourist destinations in Russia, ensuring the socio-economic prosperity of the
region and the preservation of its unique heritage.

RESEARCH OF INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC PERSONNEL ASSESSMENT FEATURES

Михаил Иванович Кулеш — 2025-08-26

The article examines the industry-specific valuation features that significantly affect the methods and approaches to valuing assets and companies in various sectors of the economy. The author analyzes the specifics of valuation in such areas as real estate, finance, manufacturing, and information technology, highlighting the key factors determining the valuation process in each of them.

The study includes an overview of existing methodologies, their application and adaptation to the specific conditions of industries. Special attention is paid to the impact of the market environment, legislative changes and technological innovations on the evaluation procedures.

The results of the work emphasize the need to integrate industry characteristics into evaluation practices to improve the accuracy and reliability of the results. The article is intended for practicing appraisers, researchers and students interested in assessment issues in the modern economy.

ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE EASTERN POLYGON AS FUNDAMENTALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST

Наталья Николаевна Григорьева — 2025-08-26

The article examines the analysis of the work of the Eastern polygon and its development prospects. The author identifies key parameters such as increasing the operational volume of work, optimizing the work of locomotive crews, increasing the productivity of locomotives by driving full-weight and full-component trains. The importance of the introduction of modern technologies in the management of transportation at the landfill is also highlighted, which has a positive effect on the efficiency and quality of work. Infrastructure development, increased capacity, investments in the modernization of the railway network of the Eastern Polygon - all this contributes to improving conditions for cargo transportation and increasing competitiveness in the global market. In addition, the modernization of the BAM and the Trans-Siberian Railway is currently particularly relevant in connection with the political sanctions of European countries against Russia, which have influenced the change in freight transportation strategies. Thus, the main idea of the article is that the development of railway infrastructure at the Eastern Landfill is of key importance for the country's economy and provides favorable conditions for the sustainable development of Siberia and the Far East, contributing to their socio-economic growth.

ARCTIC ZONE AS A FACTOR OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY

Нина Валерьевна Яковлева — 2025-08-26

The Arctic, which for a long time remained a remote and inaccessible region, is now gaining strategic importance for the Russian Federation and the whole world. The melting of ice caused by climate change opens up new opportunities for shipping, mining and natural resource development, but also creates new challenges and threats to Russia's national security. This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the Arctic zone as a key factor in the national economic security of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to identify the threats and challenges that the Russian Federation faces in the Arctic, assess its potential and identify priority areas of activity to ensure economic security and sustainable development of the country. Special attention is paid to financing the sustainable development of the Arctic zone. The analysis of cargo turnover along the Northern Sea Route, as well as steps aimed at strengthening the position of the Russian Federation in the oceans and improving the efficiency of public administration in the Arctic zone.

DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION AS A BASIS FOR STRATEGIC SECURITY AND STABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE STATE

Татьяна Александровна Булохова — 2025-08-26

The abstract considers the development of regional transportation as a key factor of strategic security and sustainable economic growth of the state. In the context of globalization and increasing competition, efficient transport infrastructure is becoming the basis for maintaining economic stability and improving the quality of life of the population. The article analyzes current trends in the field of transport technologies, the effectiveness of interregional relations and logistics chains, as well as the challenges facing the transport industry. The study addresses the issues of optimizing traffic flows, the investment attractiveness of regional transport projects and their impact on the social development of regions. In conclusion, recommendations are offered and the need for an integrated approach to the development of regional transportation is emphasized as a key element of strategic security and sustainable economic growth of the country.

RISK MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Юлия Николаевна Гольская — 2025-08-26

Innovation is a complex and multifaceted process that requires the combined efforts of various participants. Each of them plays a unique role in the innovation system, and only their effective interaction can ensure the successful development of innovations. The article discusses the risks of innovative development. The risks associated with the management system really need to be in the spotlight. An effective management system is critically important for the successful implementation of innovative projects and programs. At the same time, the risks associated with insufficient investment in innovative development are critically important and can seriously undermine the competitiveness and growth prospects of an organization or even an entire country. In addition, the innovation risks associated with the structure of the Russian economy pose a serious problem that requires an integrated approach. The current structure, characterized by high dependence on the raw materials sector and underdeveloped high-tech industries, creates a number of specific risks for innovative development. Statistical data show the current state of science and innovation in the Russian Federation. New technologies contribute to the development of new industries and the growing demand for new services, leading to the continuous development and improvement of various spheres of life and society.

PROBLEMS OF TRANSITION TO THE CLUSTER TYPE OF ORGANIZATION OF IN-NOVATIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Юлия Николаевна Гольская — 2025-08-26

Innovation clusters are becoming an important factor not only for individual companies, but also for the economy as a whole, contributing to faster development and transition to modern challenges. Many Governments actively took steps to create and develop developing clusters through various programs and initiatives, which additionally ensured their relevance. In the context of globalization, the presence of strong economically developed clusters allows the countries of the region to occupy competitive positions in the international arena. The article discusses the methodology of cluster management, which is a key factor in ensuring the innovative development of the economy and education. For the successful industrialization of Russia, it is necessary to take these factors into account and develop comprehensive strategies that will include both economic and social aspects. This may require significant efforts on the part of the Government, business, and the scientific community to create a sustainable and efficient industrial base. Investments in modernization, innovation, and education can be key factors in overcoming existing challenges. Many industrialization strategies, programs, and projects were presented in the Russian Federation, but many of them were not implemented or did not achieve the expected results. The article examines the key reasons for the insufficient development of clusters.

Keywords: innovation activity, industrial development, national innovation system.

DEMOGRAPHIC SECURITY OF THE IRKUTSK REGION

Нина Валерьевна Яковлева — 2025-08-26

Based on the analysis and assessment of the current state of the demographic situation in the Irkutsk region, the main problems are identified, risks and threats associated with demographic changes are determined, and possible solutions are proposed. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the Irkutsk region, like many regions of Russia, faces specific problems and trends in demographic security, which can lead to threats to socio-economic development, stability and national security of the region and the country as a whole. The article examines official statistical data on demographic security in the Irkutsk region, analyzes the indicators: population size, natural increase, decrease, age, gender, migration, and proposes a demographic forecast. The data obtained during the study are interpreted.

STUDY OF SATISFACTION WITH RAIL PASSENGER TRANSPORT SERVICES

Елена Юрьевна Фалеева — 2025-08-26

This article is devoted to the study of customer satisfaction and loyalty using the services of JSC Federal
Passenger Company (FPC). The study is based on the analysis of open data posted on the official website of FPC. The
main goal of the work is a comprehensive assessment of customer experience using key indicators: customer satisfaction
index (CSI) and net promoter score (NPS), extracted from FPC reporting. An analysis of the company's activities is
carried out in the context of the impact on customer satisfaction and the identification of the relationship between the
quality of services provided and the level of passenger loyalty. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, key areas
requiring improvement are identified to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. The article considers the main wishes
of passengers regarding the prospects for the development of rail transport. Particular attention is paid to the analysis
of the range of services that, in the opinion of customers, can significantly increase the level of comfort and satisfaction
when using rail transport in the future, which, in turn, will allow developing effective strategies for attracting customers
for Russian Railways.

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING A MENTORING SYSTEM IN AN ORGANIZATION

Оксана Владимировна Кашпурова — 2025-08-26

In the modern world, mentoring plays a key role in the development of human capital. The relevance of the study is due to the need to adapt traditional methods of personnel development to modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern approaches to organizing mentoring and identify key factors of its effectiveness in different types of organizations. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the obtained knowledge to improve the personnel development system. Scientific novelty lies in the systematization of modern approaches to organizing mentoring and identifying key factors of its effectiveness in business processes. Personnel adaptation in an organization is a targeted process of integrating an individual into the professional environment and into all the main aspects of the company's activities, including functional, organizational and personnel processes. Adaptation is considered one of the key elements of effective personnel management in a modern organization, since it ensures successful interaction of new employees with the environment and organizational culture, and also helps to reveal the potential of human resources.

HYBRID MOTIVATION SYSTEMS IN THE DESIGN BUREAU: INTEGRATION OF PERSONNEL RATINGS AND CORPORATE VALUES TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIEN-CY OF ENGINEERING TEAMS

Альбина Сергеевна Данилова — 2025-08-26

Abstract. The article examines hybrid motivation systems in design engineering bureaus as a tool for enhancing the efficiency of engineering teams. The authors analyze the integration of personnel rating systems with corporate values, highlighting key components of the system: objective KPIs (project quality, adherence to deadlines, innovativeness) and subjective factors (contribution to colleague development, alignment with organizational values). Special attention is given to the group differentiation of employees ("Young Talents," "Experts," "Leaders," etc.) with personalized packages of non-material incentives (educational opportunities, status privileges, participation in strategic decision-making).Based on the practical experience of leading design bureaus (Lockheed Martin, Sukhoi Design Bureau, Airbus), the effectiveness of the hybrid approach is demonstrated. The importance of balancing material and non-material incentives (an optimal 60/40 ratio according to Dassault Aviation data) and the need for dynamic adaptation of the system to changes in the project environment are emphasized. The article is intended for engineering department managers, HR specialists in knowledge-intensive industries, and researchers in personnel motivation. The proposed solutions can be adapted for other high-tech sectors.

FORMATION OF LOYALTY OF QUALIFIED WORKERS AS A CONDITION FOR IMPLEMENTING TECHNOLOGY OF HR RISK MANAGEMENT AT A MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ENTERPRISE

Анжелика Амировна Абжалимова — 2025-08-26

The relevance of the study is due to the acute personnel crisis in the machine-building industry caused by the demographic decline, the outflow of migrant workers and the decline in the prestige of working professions. Using the example of OKB MICRON LLC, a critical situation has been identified with the loyalty of skilled workers: the eNPS index was -17.02%, and the risk of losing 41% of staff in the next 1-2 years requires urgent management decisions. The main problem is high staff turnover (exceeding the industry norm of 10-15%) and insufficient staffing, which is directly related to low employee loyalty. To solve this problem, the article suggests three key measures, the implementation of which will increase the eNPS index to positive values, reduce staff turnover to industry standards, accelerate the adaptation of new employees by 67%, and create a motivation system for different generations of employees. The study confirms that the formation of loyalty of skilled workers is a strategic condition for the sustainable development of machine-building enterprises in conditions of personnel shortage. The proposed solutions combine economic efficiency with practical feasibility and can be adapted for other industrial enterprises.Keywords: loyalty, formation of loyalty of skilled workers, skilled workers, personnel risks, personnel management technologies.

FEATURES OF MANAGING A MULTINATIONAL TEAM

Светлана Николаевна Картофяну — 2025-08-26

The article examines the specifics of managing a multinational team in production units of the Siberian oil and gas industry. Based on theoretical analysis and empirical research conducted by the author in three regions (Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Republic of Khakassia, and the Republic of Tyva), the key difficulties of intercultural interaction in organi-zations with an ethnically diverse staff were identified. The emphasis is placed on the problems of the language barri-er among migrant workers, interethnic differences, and potential domestic conflicts. The results of a SWOT analysis are presented, reflecting the internal and external factors affecting management efficiency. Measures are proposed to improve the adaptation and cohesion of personnel - the introduction of mentoring programs, intercultural training, and formalization of cultural sensitivity. It is expected that the proposed solutions will increase the productivity of work teams, as well as form a positive HR brand for the company in the national republics.

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION OF THE IRKUTSK REGION

Юлия Николаевна Гольская — 2025-08-26

This article is devoted to the urgent problem of improving the quality of life of the population of the Irkutsk region. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the standard of living in the region, and suggests ways to improve it. We consider the multifaceted concept of "quality of life", highlighting the key components: economic well-being, health, education, environmental situation, safety, social support, cultural and leisure sphere, housing conditions, and the state of infrastructure. The article provides a detailed analysis of the criteria for assessing the quality of life used both at the federal and regional levels. Particular attention is paid to the rating of Russian regions by quality of life, which allows us to assess the position of the Irkutsk region against the background of other subjects of the Russian Federation. The study reveals a number of specific problems characteristic of the Irkutsk region, which negatively affect the quality of life of its population. Based on the analysis, we formulate specific recommendations and proposals for improving the quality of life of the population of the Irkutsk region. The article is of practical interest to government bodies, researchers, specialists in the field of social policy, as well as for everyone interested in improving the quality of life in the regions of Russia. The research materials can be used for the development and implementation of programs for the socio-economic development of the Irkutsk region.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE CHOICE OF A RAILWAY TRACK SECTION FOR ANA-LYZING THE FORCES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN A WHEEL AND A RAIL US-ING STRAIN GAUGES

Азалия Фларидовна Гумарова — 2025-08-26

This study focuses on substantiating the selection of a specific railway track section for strain gauge measurements of the wheel–rail interaction forces. With increasing axle loads, speeds, and the complexity of track geometry, it becomes essential to monitor the dynamic loads affecting the rail. The wheel–rail interface plays a critical role in determining rail wear, rolling stock stability, and overall operational safety.

The paper examines stress and force distributions occurring in curved sections of the track, particularly in transition curves where significant redistribution of vertical and lateral forces takes place. Simulation modeling was performed using the "Universal Mechanism" software on a curve with a 540 m radius. Results showed that vertical forces in transitions could reach 132 kN, while lateral forces rose to 20 kN—values considerably higher than those observed on straight sections.

To improve measurement accuracy, the installation of strain gauges is proposed at three key points: the entrance to the curve, the midpoint, and the exit. This strategic positioning enables comprehensive tracking of force dynamics across the entire curved segment. The data obtained provides a foundation for the development of advanced condition monitoring systems, assessment of infrastructure fatigue, and timely maintenance decision-making. The findings are particularly relevant for railways experiencing heavy and high-speed train traffic.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PASSAGE OF TRAINS OF INCREASED MASS AND LENGTH ON THE TRANS-BAIKAL RAILWAY

Анна Сергеевна Козлова — 2025-08-26

The dynamics of load load on the studied section is analyzed and the prospects of increasing the mass of trains are substantiated.

The results of a comprehensive study of the technical condition of the Petrov Plant - Chita 2 section with a length of 413 km, including 24 stations, are presented. The study covers the parameters of the receiving and sending tracks, the characteristics of the plan and profile of the railway track, the condition of the roadbed and artificial structures. The technical condition of some sections of the Zabaykalskaya railway showed non-compliance with the requirements for handling trains of increased weight and length.

Traction calculations were performed for trains weighing 7,100 tons, 10,000 tons, and 12,000 tons. The "problem" zones have been identified according to the plan and profile, limiting the movement of heavy trains.

A set of reconstructive measures has been developed, including straightening the route, increasing the radii of curved sections of the track, lowering the slopes and lengthening the receiving and sending paths. The proposed solutions make it possible to increase the carrying capacity of the Trans-Baikal Railway in the context of the projected increase in freight traffic. With limited opportunities to increase the number of wagons, the technology for passing heavy-duty trains makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the infrastructure without building additional tracks.

ENHANCING RAILWAY TRACK RELIABILITY AT THE JOINT AREA

Вячеслав Анатольевич Трушкин — 2025-08-26

Currently, in the Russian Federation, increasing the carrying capacity of railway lines is a critical issue. Consequently, the number of higher-mass trains and freight density are steadily increasing. This growth inevitably leads to defects and failures of rails, both in the mid-span and at the ends of continuous welded rails (CWR). If a defect occurs in the mid-span of a CWR section, a temporary rail repair site must be established at that location. Furthermore, one of the most hazardous rail failures is fracture at the bolted joints, due to the difficulty in timely detection by flaw detection trolleys. A particularly high incidence of these fractures is observed on the Eastern Operating Domain, where a consistently high rate of acutely defective bolted rails are removed according to pattern 53.1. This article examines a promising solution for enhancing reliability in the bolted rail joint area through the application of a novel joint bar (fishplate) design. A mathematical modeling investigation of the stress-strain state around the bolt hole at the rail end was conducted, comparing two different joint configurations. Subsequently, verification strain gauge testing of the rail web and joint bolts was performed, confirming the accuracy of the developed mathematical model.

MODERN APPROACHES TO PROTECTING THE RAILWAY TRACKBED FROM FROST HEAVING USING GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS

Евгений Вячеславович Ладыгин — 2025-08-26

In the harsh climate typical for a significant part of the territory of the Russian Federation, the railway infrastructure is regularly exposed to adverse effects of natural factors, in particular, frost heaving of soils. This phenomenon, caused by the freezing of moisture in the pores of the soil, leads to the formation of deformations of the roadbed, disruption of the geometry of the track, accelerated wear of structural elements and, as a consequence, a decrease in the level of safety and reliability of the functioning of railways.

This article examines in detail modern approaches to ensuring the stability of the roadbed in conditions of seasonal freezing. An analysis of existing and promising methods of protection against frost heaving is carried out, including mechanical, thermal and physical and engineering solutions. Particular attention is paid to the use of geosynthetic materials, reinforcing structures and new generation cement-composite coatings, such as Concrete Canvas, which are characterized by high strength, water resistance and durability. The design features, installation methods and application areas of these materials in various climatic zones are described. In addition, the author's version of a comprehensive approach is proposed, including the installation of passive thermal stabilizers in combination with geosynthetic layers, aimed at long-term elimination of the causes of heaving. The advantages of this approach are considered, both in technical and economic aspects. The presented solutions can be effectively used within the framework of the state program for modernization of the railway network, especially in regions with extreme climatic conditions.

EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE OF CUSTOMS OFFICIALS

Евгения Вадимовна Пушмина — 2025-08-26

Global economic and political changes are currently taking place. As a result, the importance of stable economic national security, which is assigned to customs officials, is growing.

Customs specialists face highly stressful tasks that require emotional stability and psychological balance.

In this article, the authors consider an aspect related to the emotional competence of employees in customs authorities. The article substantiates the problems of emotional burnout and ways to prevent it. In addition, practical ways of forming a staff are considered, in which employees possess not only professional skills, but also competencies in emotional regulation.

NON-TARIFF REGULATION MEASURES APPLIED WHEN MOVING MEDICINES THROUGH THE EAEU CUSTOMS BORDER

Alina Kurbanova — 2025-08-26

The article discusses the mechanism of non-tariff regulation in relation to such a specific product as medicines. The main measures of non-tariff regulation applied in the form of quantitative restrictions are considered.

A comprehensive analysis of the system of non-tariff regulation of the cross-border movement of medicines has been carried out: at the EAEU level and at the national level (RF level).

In this paper, the authors consider in detail the procedure for obtaining permits for various options for the movement of medicines (general and special (in relation to medicines containing narcotic and psychotropic substances), the purpose of movement (in commercial and non-commercial traffic).

THE ROLE OF EXPERTISE IN THE PROCEEDINGS ON ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSES IN THE FIELD OF CUSTOMS

Олеся Александровна Козловская — 2025-08-26

The article is devoted to the importance of expertise in the process of considering cases of administrative offenses in the field of customs. We will discuss the relevance of this topic, analyze the stages of proceedings in such cases, and also consider which regulatory legal acts regulate the conduct of expertise. In addition, we will identify the problems encountered in studying this issue.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPERTY INSURANCE CONTRACT

Вероника Владимировна Тарасенко — 2025-08-26

The article examines the general characteristics of a property insurance contract, namely: the features of the contract, participants, and essential conditions. The main measures of non-tariff regulation applied in the form of quantitative restrictions are considered.

As a result of a comprehensive analysis of the property insurance contract, a conclusion is made about its real nature, the moment of entry into force is determined - payment of the insurance premium in full or in part, it is substantiated that the insurance premium is not an essential condition of the insurance contract.

THE USE OF THE EAIS IN THE DECLARATION OF EXPRESS CARGO DELIVERED TO INDIVIDUALS

Юлия Алексеевна Бубнова — 2025-08-26

An express cargo is a cargo (consignment) in respect of which customs operations (when moving it across the border) are performed first. A customs operation is understood as placing goods under a chosen customs procedure. When declaring express cargoes delivered to individuals, there are a number of important features that require study and analysis. Among such features is the use of a unified automated system of customs authorities and an electronic way of presenting documents and information. In this paper, practical and theoretical aspects of declaring express cargoes will be considered, problems are highlighted and solutions are proposed.

APPLICATION OF MODERN DECLARATION PRACTICES WHEN PLACING GOODS UNDER THE CUSTOMS TRANSIT PROCEDURE

Виктория Семеновна Малкова — 2025-08-26

Today, in the process of globalization and digitalization, the world economy is developing through increasing foreign trade relations between the countries of the world. Customs transit (hereinafter – TT) is a key link in international commodity flows, on the effectiveness of which the quality of goods movement from supplier to recipient depends. Due to the development of information technology support for customs authorities (hereinafter referred to as the), an electronic transit system is being created in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Russian Federation). The vector of further "digitalization" is clearly formulated in the Development Strategy of the Federal Customs Service (hereinafter referred to as the FCS) until 2030, which determines the relevance of the chosen topic.

CUSTOMER-FOCUSING TRANSPORT LOGISTICS

Elena Yuryevna Tsaregorodtseva — 2025-08-26

Due to the relevance of high-quality management of customer needs, transport and logistics companies have increasingly begun to use customer focus as a key segment of business process success. Today, transport companies with trade intermediaries strive to develop logistics services that will meet customer needs, offering their clients greater individualization and flexibility.

At the same time, the problems of implementing customer focus in transport logistics are being studied. In turn, customer focus is the degree of focus of the transport and logistics service provider on the parameters of the customer's needs, recognition of their interests, anticipation of expectations from the counterparty, which allows them to stand out qualitatively in the market of other transport and logistics companies.

ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY IN TRANSFERRING ROLLING STOCK SECURING FUNCTIONS TO LOCOMOTIVE CREWS

Anastasia Andreevna Kovtun — 2025-08-26

The article analyzes the operational efficiency of transferring rolling stock securing functions to locomotive crews at intermediate stations on the Vikhorevka – Korshunikha-Angarskaya section. This research is highly relevant as delegating securing procedures to engine teams will reduce operational costs associated with reactivating temporarily detained freight trains. The study focuses on the train immobilization process at intermediate stations along the specified section. The research aims to enhance railway operational efficiency through implementation of modern technological solutions.

ISSUES OF UNINTERRUPTED PROVISION OF TRACTION RESOURCES FOR THE TRANSPORTATION PROCESS OF THE EASTERN RAILWAY LANDFILL

Alina Artemovna Elizarieva — 2025-08-26

In the context of an increase in train traffic at the Eastern Railway landfill, the issues of quality provision of the transportation process with traction resources are becoming particularly relevant. In the presented article, the authors examined the factors influencing the process of timely movement of train traffic at the Eastern Railway Range, identified the causes of delays in train movement and violations of their departure time according to the schedule. We have proposed some technical and organizational solutions aimed at increasing the level of traction support for the landfill.

It is determined that in the modern conditions of the landfill's operation, the constraining factors for the smooth promotion of the planned size of train traffic in terms of providing traction rolling stock are: lack of locomotive fleet (electric locomotives and diesel locomotives), poor quality of operation and repair of rolling stock, lack of the required amount of staffing, both in the field of operation and in the field of maintenance. At the same time, many experts and scientists claim that it is the acquisition of a new locomotive fleet that is the main criterion for solving the issues of ensuring unhindered passage of promising freight traffic in the eastern direction of JSC Russian Railways.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF CONTAINER RECYCLING AT CONTAINER DISTRIBUTION STATION

Konstantin Ivanovich Shvedin — 2025-08-26

The article discusses the key aspects of improving the efficiency of container processing at container distribution stations (CRS) in the context of growing container traffic and digitalization of logistics processes. New-generation container stations are becoming the most important elements of the end-to-end logistics chain, ensuring the redistribution, redirection and formation of container trains along their destinations without the need for intermediate warehousing and manual control of trains. The purpose of the research is to develop and substantiate organizational and technological solutions aimed at increasing productivity, reducing processing time and increasing the turnover of rolling stock in cattle. The best practices of platform management using the principle of depersonalization of rolling stock are analyzed, as well as the integration of the container recycling system with digital logistics platforms. Special attention is paid to the issues of dispatching, the use of AI/ML for forecasting container flows and balancing the load on processing facilities. The results obtained can be used in the development of projects for the modernization of the transport infrastructure of Russian Railways and the formation of a single space for new-generation container logistics.

CONDITIONS FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION OF LUMBER AND MAGNESITE TO CHINA BY LONG-DISTANCE TRAINS OF THE KRASNOYARSK RAILWAY

Sofya Aleksandrovna Ranyuk — 2025-08-26

A system of quantitative assessments of the parameters of planning and regulation of transport work of the Krasnoyarsk Railway (KrasZhD) for multimodal transportation of material resources to China, based on the use of long-component freight trains (LCFT), is proposed. Methodological principles for managing technologies for planning and regulating the parameters of transport logistics of KrasZhD are developed and presented. Recommendations are given for the creation and operation of a consulting logistics center (CLC), which defines and coordinates the responsibilities of all participants in the transport process of multimodal cargo transportation, taking into account the composition of transport costs, quality and delivery times. The article presents methodological principles for managing technologies for planning and regulating parameters of transport logistics of KrasZhD with the formation of a contour-integrated approach to managing freight transportation.

CUSTOMER FOCUS AS A FACTOR IN THE COMPETITIVENESS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT

Natalya Vasilievna Vlasova — 2025-08-26

This article examines the increase in the competitiveness of railway transport due to customer focus. The difficulties of implementing a customer approach are told, including the problems of employee motivation that affect the quality of service and customer loyalty. In freight transportation, the introduction of "one-stop-shop" technology is being considered, which provides 15% savings. In passenger transportation, there is a long-term work on loyalty programs and digital services, but a new strategy is needed that will take into account digital transformation and the active participation of passengers in the formation of services.

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE SUBURBAN PASSENGER COMPLEX OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT IN THE TERRITORIES OF THE IRKUTSK REGION AND THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

Vladislav Dmitrievich Makarov — 2025-08-26

The article examines the transport provision of the Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia. In these regions, passenger transportation over a distance of up to 500 kilometers is carried out mainly by automobile and railway transport. Most often, Irkutsk residents and residents of Buryatia use cars or trains (suburban) to get to places of work, to educational institutions, and also to places of recreation. When choosing competing modes of transport, convenient schedules, routes, quality of service, and safety are always of great importance.

To identify the needs and attract potential passengers in the Baikal Suburban Passenger Company (BSPC), which serves the Irkutsk Region and Buryatia, an assessment of the company's activities was carried out using a SWOT analysis. The strengths (high level of safety, regularity of transportation) and weaknesses (low speed, territorial concentration) of the functioning of the BPPK, as well as a number of opportunities and threats affecting the stable position of the company among competitors, have been identified. The introduction of innovative technologies has been singled out among the priority areas for the development of suburban transportation on rail transport.

First of all, today the emphasis is on expanding services for purchasing tickets for commuter trains using software and hardware systems, including those based on Taktilion cash register devices. The use of new devices such as Taktilion has changed the approach to purchasing tickets: today, passengers can more quickly and conveniently obtain travel documents using self-service terminals and mobile devices than at the ticket office or on the train. The fact that the Russian Railways Passengers application now allows for the issuance of tickets, including for preferential categories of citizens, speaks in favor of further development of the online service on the BPPK company website. In addition, to expand tourist trips, an interactive map has been introduced on the BPPK website, on which passengers can see the entire route from Irkutsk to Port Baikal with stops and interesting places located along the route.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PASSAGE OF TRAINS OF INCREASED MASS AND LENGTH ON THE TRANS-BAIKAL RAILWAY

Anna Sergeevna Kozlova — 2025-08-26

Increasing the mass and length of trains is a priority for the development of railway transport in Russia. This direction is particularly relevant at the Eastern Landfill in conditions of increasing cargo turnover, where the Trans-Baikal Railway acts as a key link in the transport corridor. The article discusses the problem of the organization of passage of trains of increased weight and length on the Trans-Baikal railway. The dynamics of load on the studied section is analyzed and the prospects of increasing the mass of trains are substantiated. The results of a comprehensive study of the technical condition of the Trans-Baikal railway section with a length of 413 km, including 24 stations, are presented. The study covers the parameters of the receiving and sending tracks, the characteristics of the plan and profile of the railway track, the condition of the roadbed and artificial structures. The technical condition of some sections of the Trans-Baikal railway showed non-compliance with the requirements for handling trains of increased weight and length. Traction calculations were performed for trains weighing 7100 tons, 10000 tons and 12000 tons. The "problem" zones have been identified according to the plan and profile, limiting the movement of heavy trains. A set of reconstructive measures has been developed, including straightening the route, increasing the radii of curved sections of the track, lowering the slopes and lengthening the receiving and sending paths. The proposed solutions make it possible to increase the carrying capacity of the Trans-Baikal Railway in the context of the projected increase in freight traffic. With limited opportunities to increase the number of wagons, the technology for passing heavy-duty trains makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the infrastructure without building additional tracks.

THE USE OF MNEMONICS IN TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE VOCABULARY IN A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT

Anna Aleksandrovna Dergacheva — 2025-08-26

The practical experience of teaching foreign languages shows that the teaching methods in this area are not sufficiently developed, focused on memorizing vocabulary by expanding the memory of students. In order to attract students, we need to use various innovative teaching methods. One of these methods is mnemonics, which has already demonstrated high efficiency in memorizing information of any volume. The problem of memory in the context of learning English is very relevant. The article analyzes various memorization techniques that help in perception and reproduction of foreign words and phrases. The paper presents examples of using mnemonic techniques in practice of teaching English for students of engineering specialties. The author comes to the conclusion that mnemonic techniques should be supplemental to the traditional methods of teaching foreign vocabulary. The results can be a tremendous resource for teachers, allowing them to enrich their collection of methodological techniques of planning foreign language lessons using knowledge of mnemonics.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS REPRESENTING THE CONCEPT PUNISHMENT

Anna Aleksandrovna Dergacheva — 2025-08-26

The article is devoted to the investigation of the concept of PUNISHMENT in the linguistic worldview of native speakers of English and Russian, based on the material of phraseological units. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to develop under-researched concepts whose analysis contributes to solving issues such as the characteristics of concepts and the identification of means through which the concept of PUNISHMENT can be expressed at the phraseological level. The object of the study is the phraseological units that objectify the concept of PUNISHMENT in English and Russian. The aim of this study is to identify and compare the structural types of phraseological units representing the concept of PUNISHMENT in English and Russian cultures. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the obtained results can be used as supplementary material in practical classes of foreign languages as well as in seminars on lexicology.

ENGLISH NATURE IDIOMS

Tatiana Vasil’evna Liboshvili — 2025-08-26

The culture code of a nation is fixed in stable linguistic forms including idioms that reflect the way of life, customs and traditions, and the peculiarities of the human behavior. Everything around was reflected in language: from the geographical location of the country, climatic conditions and traditional crafts to religious ideas and beliefs. English phraseology is studied in many perspectives: semantic, structural, stylistic and cultural, each of them enriches our knowledge and better understanding of the concept. The article considers metaphorical shift and imagery as basic features of idioms. The results of structural and semantic analyses of the idioms and idiomatic expressions including nature component are shown. About 80 idioms were collected by complete enumeration method from the dictionaries of English idioms and other sources. The findings can be useful for the students major in Ecology and Nature Management, Technosphere Safety, but also for everybody interested in the English language.

FEATURES OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION IN SOUTH KOREA AND RUSSIA: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS

Irina Sergeevna Kuznetsova — 2025-08-26

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the features of business communication in South Korea and Russia. The purpose of the study is to analyze the cultural, social and economic factors influencing business communication in these countries. Aspects such as the hierarchy of relationships, the degree of formality of communication, perception of time and space, ways of decision-making and conflict resolution are analyzed. Special attention is paid to differences in negotiation styles, conflict management, and corporate ethics. The paper focuses on adapting communication strategies to the specific conditions of each country. The importance of understanding the cultural characteristics of partners for successful international cooperation is emphasized. The research methods are descriptive method, comparative analysis. The results show that the Korean approach focuses on respect and formality, while in Russia, directness and openness are more common. This knowledge will help improve cooperation between countries. The article is of interest to experts in the field of business communication, international relations and management.

STUDY OF A REMOTE TECHNICAL DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEM FOR ALARM, CENTRALIZATION AND BLOCKING DEVICES

Елена Федоровна Мороз — 2025-08-26

The article is devoted to the problem of creating a unified digital ecosystem for monitoring and controlling equipment at the signaling, centralization and blocking (SCB) distance on railways. In the context of growing traffic volumes and increasing load on the infrastructure, it is important to improve efficiency, reduce risks and ensure stable operation of equipment.

At the Koshurnikovskaya SCB distance, automatic and telemechanical devices are successfully serviced, but existing monitoring and control methods do not always allow promptly identifying and eliminating faults. This can lead to emergency situations and disruption of train schedules. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement new technical diagnostics systems that will ensure a high level of control over the condition of the equipment.

Modern technical diagnostics systems are based on the use of digital technologies. They allow you to collect and analyze data on the condition of equipment in real time. Such technologies include the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence and machine learning, cloud technologies, mobile applications.

The implementation of these technologies will create a unified digital ecosystem that will provide an integrated approach to monitoring and controlling equipment at the SCB distance. An analysis of modern technical diagnostic systems shows that their implementation helps to improve the efficiency and safety of the distance. Thanks to the possibility of operational monitoring and data analysis, specialists will be able to promptly identify and eliminate malfunctions, which will reduce the number of emergency situations and ensure the smooth operation of railway tracks. The use of digital technologies will also optimize production processes, reduce equipment maintenance costs and improve personnel qualifications.

The creation of a single digital ecosystem based on modern technical diagnostic systems is a necessary step to ensure the stable and safe operation of the signaling and interlocking distance. This will optimize production processes, increase the reliability of equipment and ensure a high level of safety on the railways, which will contribute to an increase in transportation volumes, a decrease in operating costs and an increase in the competitiveness of rail transport.

ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF GNSS TECHNOLOGIES IN LOCOMOTIVE TRAFFIC SAFETY SYSTEMS

Radzhana Zhamsaranova — 2025-08-26

The article examines the role of satellite navigation in ensuring traffic safety in railway transport. The main characteristics of traffic safety systems on rolling stock are given. In conditions of increasing complexity of transport processes, reliable safety systems are becoming necessary to prevent accidents and improve the efficiency of train traffic management. In conclusion, the high effectiveness of the use of GNSS as a means of improving train safety, optimizing management and monitoring processes in railway transport is emphasized.

REVIEW OF POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRIC CENTRALIZATION DEVICES

Максим Эдуардович Скоробогатов — 2025-08-26

The article provides an overview of existing power supply systems for electrical centralization systems. It discusses the composition of the power supply system for relay centralization using power panels. The article provides their main characteristics and purpose. It also presents the structural diagrams of the power supply devices for EbiLock-950 microprocessor centralization, as well as the guaranteed power supply system for microelectronic systems.

SELECTING THE OPTIMAL OPTION FOR CONSTRUCTING ULTRA-HIGH VOLTAGE POWER LINES

Elena Yur'evna Puzina — 2025-08-26

This article discusses an urgent problem of the energy system – reducing losses and costs when transmitting power over long distances. The article provides a technical, economic and operational analysis of two technologies: 500 kV and 750 kV HVAC alternating current transmission and 400 kV HVDC direct current transmission for a 550 km long and 1,000 MW line between the NV NPP and the MS power ring. An analysis of the characteristics of these power transmission technologies revealed the advantages and disadvantages of both systems. Electrical calculations provided the opportunity to select power equipment for substations and also the brand and number of wires of power transmission lines. An analysis of the market for DC power transmission equipment has shown that the required equipment is not currently being manufactured in Russia. In order to develop the domestic industry for the production of such equipment, a technical specification has been formed indicating the main parameters of converter transformers, rectifiers, and inverters. It is also recommended to use 400 kV thyristor voltage regulators. Based on technical and economic calculations, it was possible to establish the boundary length of the line, up to which it is most advantageous to use alternating current in ultrahigh voltage transmission lines, and above which it is optimal to use direct current transmission lines. To justify the choice, the results of calculating electrical parameters are presented, investment and operating costs are compared, reliability, manageability and integration into the network are evaluated. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were formed for choosing the optimal technology.

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE PUE FOR RESERVATION OF POWER SUPPLY OF EC POSTS

Elena Yur'evna Puzina — 2025-08-26

The article considers the problem of ensuring uninterruptible power supply of the post of electric centralization of the LN station, located on one of the developing railways of Russia, and related to consumers of the first reliability category according to the requirements of the PUE 7th edition, where at present the power supply of the facility is carried out via a 10 kV VL feeder with an unreliable backup power source, which does not meet the standards for consumers of the 1st category. An analysis of three technical solutions was carried out: 1) connection to the distribution devices of the UK and YAK substations of one of the Russian railways was excluded due to significant remoteness (8 and 14 km, respectively) and complex topographic conditions of the area; 2) the use of a diesel generator set was recognized as economically and technically inexpedient due to the limited supply of domestic equipment of the required capacity and the complexity of servicing; 3) organization of backup power supply from the "two wires - rail" line with the installation of a 27.5/10 kV transformer substation. The last option is determined as the optimal solution with key advantages: the technical feasibility of placing equipment on a dedicated site of 12 m² in the right-of-way, ensuring a reliable grounding loop through the M32 choke-transformer, as well as full compliance with current regulatory documents in the field of power supply of railway transport. The implementation of the proposed technical solution using a 27.5 kV "two-wire-rail" line as a backup power source will ensure the required reliability of power supply to the EC post in accordance with the category requirements.

PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF PILING TECHNOLOGY WITH GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS: VALUES, PRINCIPLES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Елена Фёдоровна Мороз — 2025-08-26

Технология установки свай с геосинтетическими материалами играет важную роль в современном строительстве, улучшая несущую способность и устойчивость конструкций. Для эффективного применения этой технологии необходим комплексный анализ её философских, технических и экологических аспектов. В статье рассматриваются конструктивные особенности свай, усиленных геосинтетическими оболочками, их применение в различных областях строительства и инженерные решения. Особое внимание уделяется преимуществам использования геосинтетических материалов, таким как повышение несущей способности, устойчивость к внешним воздействиям и снижение деформаций.

Также обсуждаются различные технологии установки свай с геосинтетическими материалами, включая механизированные и ручные методы, и факторы, влияющие на их эффективность и долговечность. К таким факторам относятся качество используемых материалов, условия эксплуатации и методы монтажа. В статье представлен обзор экспериментальных и теоретических исследований, нормативных документов и практического опыта применения данной технологии в строительстве.

На основе анализа данных проводится оценка эффективности технологии установки свай с геосинтетическими оболочками, включая технические и экономические показатели, а также изучение факторов, влияющих на долговечность и надежность конструкций. Определяются оптимальные параметры свай и геосинтетических оболочек для различных типов грунтов и условий эксплуатации. Это позволяет повысить точность проектирования и строительства, снизить затраты на обслуживание и обеспечить безопасность сооружений.

Результаты анализа подтверждают, что применение технологии свай с геосинтетическими материалами способствует рациональному использованию природных ресурсов и минимизации негативного воздействия на окружающую среду. Это является важным аспектом устойчивого развития и гармоничного взаимодействия человека и природы.

SOME ASPECTS OF DATA PROTECTION DURING EMPLOYEE OFFBOARDING IN COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

Никита Русланович Коковин — 2025-08-26

This article addresses a pressing issue in modern organizations, where confidential information is a critical asset, yet trade secret policies are often not formally established for various reasons. The authors highlight that employee offboarding poses a potential risk of sensitive data leakage.

The study examines the impact of information security policies on the employee termination process, emphasizing the need for strict adherence to rules and procedures aimed at minimizing data breach risks and safeguarding information. The paper outlines key aspects of information security policies recommended for implementation in commercial enterprises.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION OF BRAKE SHOES OF FREIGHT CARS WHEN MOVING ALONG DIFFICULT SECTIONS OF THE EASTERN TRAINING RANGE

Sergey Sizykh — 2025-08-26

Railways are the leading mode of transport in our country. They play a decisive role in the transportation of goods, fuel, industrial raw materials and finished products. Uninterrupted functioning of railway transport creates conditions for the development of the country's economy, its industry and agriculture.

The article provides a comparative analysis of the interaction of brake shoes of various designs of freight cars in the conditions of their intensification of use when moving along the railways of the Eastern Polygon.

ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATION OF AUTOMATIC MONITORING EQUIPMENT FOR THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF ROLLING STOCK ON THE MOVE (KTSM) FOR 2021-2024

Inna Vladimirovna Kovrigina — 2025-08-26

To improve the safety of rail transportation on the railway network, various means of automatic control of the technical condition of rolling stock are used. Means of automatic control of the technical condition of rolling stock on the move of the train have become one of the main components in ensuring the safety of train traffic in recent years. The paper examines the analysis of the operation of automatic monitoring equipment for the technical condition of rolling stock on the move (KTSM) for 2021-2024 on the Trans-Baikal Railway to assess the average heating level of axle boxes with different types of bearings for different directions of travel. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the heating value of axle boxes with different types of bearings has different temperature values, which is determined by the dependence of the track section with large speed differences and small radius curves.