Modern technologies. System analysis. Modeling

Using a digital twin of an enterprise to assess the production performance of a transport organization

Victor Vladimirovich Kashkovskii — 2024-12-28

Mass operation of any type of transport requires significant capital investments and financial costs for the maintenance and repair of the equipment in use. To obtain optimal production indicators of a transport organization, it is necessary to manage production assets and specialists involved in operation. Currently, such problems are solved intuitively, based on the previous experience of managers. Therefore, the task of implementing a scientific approach to the management of transport organizations is quite relevant. This paper presents the results of searching for an optimal variant of the service and repair group workload of a transport organization. A digital twin of an enterprise is proposed as a tool for solving this and other management problems of a transport organization. The analysis of the subject area showed that at the moment it is not possible to obtain such results by any other research methods, except for a digital twin of an enterprise. The initial data for constructing a digital twin of an enterprise are the results of product reliability tests and work timing. The use of a digital twin of an enterprise made it possible to perform a number of studies of the production indicators of a hypothetical transport organization and, in particular, to search for an optimal variant of the service and repair group workload of a transport organization. However, the capabilities of a digital twin of an enterprise are far from exhausted. The model, when entering the appropriate initial data, allows to solve a number of production problems that go far beyond the scope of this work. The digital twin of the enterprise presented in the work can be used not only in production, but also in studying a number of technical disciplines of the bachelor's, specialist and master's degrees such as «Reliability in Engineering», «Technical Diagnostics», «Organization of Transportation and Management in Transport» (Railway Transport). In addition, the digital twin of the enterprise can be used as a simulator for training and retraining the management personnel.

Evaluation of the accuracy of the graphical method of kinematic analysis using animation modeling in the CAD system Kompas

Vyacheslav Victorovich Kapshunov — 2024-12-28

There are three main methods of kinematic analysis of mechanisms – the analytical method, the graph-analytical method (the method of plans) and the graphical method (the method of kinematic diagrams). The analytical method is considered the most accurate, the plan method - less accurate, while the graphical method - the most inaccurate. Therefore, in the study of mechanisms, the latter method is used less often. The high error of the method is caused, first of all, by the low accuracy of plotting. Low accuracy usually results from drawing graphs manually. However, in modern conditions, when using computer-aided design systems, the accuracy of the method can be increased. In this article, an attempt is made to assess the accuracy of the graphical method by analyzing the kinematics of two flat lever mechanisms. The study of the mechanisms was carried out with the construction of their simplified parameterized kinematic schemes in the environment of the CAD system Kompas and with the setting in motion (animation) of the simplified parameterized kinematic schemes using a special software product - CAD–Animator. As a result, the coordinates of the points of the moving links were obtained, then the velocities and accelerations of the links were calculated. The same parameters (coordinates, velocities and accelerations) were obtained using the analytical method. After that, the parameters obtained by graphical and analytical methods were compared. As a result, it turned out that in most cases the graphical method gives quite satisfactory accuracy. However, in some cases, the error in determining the parameters was significant – about 50%. In this regard, some recommendations are given, for example, reducing the step of movement of the initial link.

Vibration diagnostics of pumping equipment of thermal power plants

Anatolii Valerianovich Luk’yanov — 2024-12-28

This article presents the results of research in the field of complex analysis of vibration parameters generated during operation of industrial centrifugal pumps operated in thermal power plants. A scientific basis has been created for developing diagnostic criteria for assessing and predicting the processes of change in the technical condition of pumping equipment in operation, which, when used in practice, will optimize the procedures for diagnostics and vibration analysis and improve the repair system in place at enterprises. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the causes of increased vibration, such as imbalance, bearing wear, cavitation and other defects. The results of vibration measurements on pumping units using modern equipment are presented, and methods for diagnosing the developing defects are considered. In this study, the results of a complex diagnostic approach to vibration analysis were used, including spectral analysis in an extended frequency and dynamic range, and analysis of the envelope of the original vibration acceleration signal. The obtained scientific results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed set of diagnostic methodologies for analyzing the vibration parameters of pumping units and creating criteria for assessment and forecasting. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using diagnostic criteria to monitor the condition of industrial pumps and short-term forecasting of degradation processes of their technical condition using adaptive mathematical models. Analysis of the identified vibration diagnostic defects allows us to determine and configure automatic stationary technical diagnostics tools that facilitate the transition from a system of scheduled preventive maintenance to maintenance based on the actual condition. Maintenance based on the actual condition is a modern solution that corresponds to the concept of «Industry 4.0», in which complex technological equipment is united into a single information network with the ability to transmit data on its technical condition.

Methodology for constructing profilograms of brake pads of passenger rolling stock with various types of defects and degree of wear

Vladislav Romanovich Konovalov — 2024-12-28

The article discusses the methodology for constructing profilograms of brake pads of passenger rolling stock with various types of defects and degrees of wear, which in the future may play an important role in reducing the wear of the brake pad of passenger rolling stock. This can improve the safety and efficiency of vehicles. Brake pads of passenger rolling stock with various types of defects and degrees of wear were scanned using a RangeVision Spectrum 3D scanner. The construction of profilograms at the final stage was carried out in the Kompas-3D automated design system, with the help of which profilograms were constructed in the form of two-dimensional images, which made it possible to determine the exact shape and dimensions of the pad in a given section. Analysis of the profilograms showed that different types of defects affect wear differently, which requires the development of special methods for wear monitoring and optimization of the brake system operating parameters. To achieve maximum efficiency, the study requires an integrated approach, including both a theoretical analysis of existing models and the development of new, more accurate methods for assessing the condition of brake pads. The new research may lead to the creation of intelligent systems for monitoring brake pad wear in real time and optimizing brake system performance parameters. The introduction of new methods for assessing the condition of brake pads may result in a reduction in the costs of purchasing and disposing of pads, as well as a reduction in emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The results of the research may be used to develop new standards and regulations for the operation and maintenance of rolling stock brake systems, which will improve the safety and efficiency of rail transportation.

Prospects for the use of a digital railway track model within the framework of planning and organization of works

Egor Nikolaevich Timofeev — 2024-12-28

A digital model is a tool that displays a virtual set of information about real objects or their complex. The application of this model covers a wide range of tasks, including the transport industry, in particular rail transport. This article contains developed recommendations based on data obtained by means of aerial photography using unmanned vehicles and specialized software systems. These data allow to create a concept for the implementation of a digital model in the structural divisions of JSC «Russian Railways». In particular, the methods and sources of updating the database have been identified, as well as changes that update the state of infrastructure facilities have been taken into account. The main advantages of using a digital model are the possibilities of visual and intuitive presentation of information, which greatly facilitates the choice of a rational solution by a specialist. Such a model allows not only to visualize the current conditions of objects, but also to develop and test various scenarios of operational intervention or prevention. This helps to optimize the work process, minimize the likelihood of problems and increase the overall efficiency of production activities. Consideration of specific examples of the use of digital models in the railway industry shows that they can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of decision-making. An analysis of the data obtained from the digital model was carried out on a specific section of the route. The evaluation showed the high efficiency of this tool. As a result of the research, data were presented that are of practical importance and can be used for further development of digital models in various fields of railway transport. In addition, the digital model opens up new horizons for improving the infrastructure management process. The output data allows us to judge the suitability for further processing and forecasting changes. Monitoring systems based on digital models can become an important tool for maintaining a high level of safety on the railway, as well as for improving the efficiency of logistics and management processes. In conclusion, it is emphasized that innovative approaches, including the use of digital models and unmanned aerial vehicles, play a key role in the digitalization of the railway industry. Modern technologies make it possible not only to increase safety and efficiency, but also to create conditions for sustainable infrastructure development. Research and development in this area continues to prove its importance and prospects, opening up new opportunities for improving transport systems.

Structural features of the transport and logistics services industry with identification of segments, consumers, competitors in the freight transportation cluster, forwarding and warehousing services

Natal’ya Vasil'evna Vlasova — 2024-12-28

Currently, under conditions of significant restrictions on cargo transportation, the Russian Railways holding company is faced with a number of state and social tasks in order to fulfill the state order. The strategic priority of the Transport and Logistics Business Holding «Russian Railways» is the improvement of 3-4PL services, the development of end-to-end transport and logistics services «from door to door», the provision of economically sound transport and logistics business products in the «single window» format, the integration of global supply chains, creating an IT bridgehead and competencies to prepare for the entry of products into the range of 5PL services. The business units of the Russian Railways holding plan to develop integrated services for coordinated interaction with clients and counterparties. The use of integrated solutions for managing transport and warehouse logistics is one of the main elements of logistics outsourcing. By 2030, the target portfolio of services of JSC «Russian Railways» will include comprehensive services for managing internal and external logistics of enterprises (3PL), as well as supply chain management within the framework of 4PL services, services for industrial enterprises with the organization of cargo delivery in the first and last mile. In the scientific article, the author analyzed transport and logistics services in the segment of consumers and competitors, identified strengths and weaknesses, and compiled a logistics outsourcing scheme (market diagram) 1 PL, 2 PL, 3 PL, 4 PL.I n Russia, the level of development of the 3PL services segment has the potential to become the fastest growing in the medium and long term. Increasing the transparency and reliability of transportation, strengthening the level of control over third-party transport and logistics companies will increase the share of the 3PL services segment. Thus, in general, the transport and logistics services industry requires significant structural changes in terms of improving the quality of the regulatory environment, infrastructure financing, especially in the railway segment (infrastructure is mainly financed only by the state, while private investors have weak interest in infrastructure projects), implementation of new solutions and technologies, which is confirmed by the fact that most of the market value is formed not through integrated logistics solutions, but through cargo transportation by one mode of transport.

Optimization of operation modes of the traction power supply system at the tunnel bypass site

Elena Yur'evna Puzina — 2024-12-28

In the near future up to 2030, it is planned to significantly increase cargo turnover along the Eastern polygon, and in particular along the Baikal-Amur Railway. Since this road has a rather complex track profile with ascents reaching 16–17‰, and many tunnels to reduce the distances between stations, in some of its sections there is a problem of limiting the capacity of the traction power supply system when passing heavy trains. In order to organize uninterrupted train traffic along sections of this road in the event of the withdrawal of existing, especially long, tunnels for repair, and also, given the increase in the number and mass of trains in the future, an urgent task is to develop measures to optimize the operating modes of the traction power supply system for such sections. In this work, by the method of simulation modeling using the «Kortes» software and computing complex, an assessment of the proposed measures for optimizing the traction power supply system of the bypass section of the SM tunnel, one of the longest in Russia, was carried out. A comparative analysis of the considered measures made it possible to propose a set of reinforcement tools for implementation: devices for longitudinal compensation of reactive power at two terminal traction substations feeding the traction network of the bypass section and an increase in the cross section of the suction wire at the traction substation located in the section with the greatest rise along the entire bypass. These measures will allow to raise the voltage in the contact network to the minimum permissible and avoid overheating of the suction wire and, in total, will make it possible to solve the task of ensuring the prospective throughput of the studied area.

Comparative analysis of injury rates on the roads of the Irkutsk region in 2022–2023

Vera Sergeevna Aslamova — 2024-12-28

The article compares the values of transport and social risks for Russia, the Irkutsk region and the Krasnoyarsk region, showing that the planned reduction in social risk (4 fatalities in road accidents per 100 thousand people) is unlikely to be achieved. The reduction in social risk in Russia and the Krasnoyarsk region by 1,21 and 1,15 times, respectively, compared to 2018 is encouraging. The road injury rates for the objects under consideration are given, demonstrating its growth. A detailed analysis of the statistics of injury rates on the roads of the Irkutsk region has been carried out, and its causes have been established. 87,93% of road accidents occurred due to violation of traffic rules by drivers, in which 87,67 % of people died and 91,05 % were injured. In this case, drivers of vehicles are the first to suffer (42,5 % were injured, 38,1 % died), the second are passengers (32,0 % were injured, 40,4 % died), while the third are pedestrians (19,5 % were injured, 19,5 % died). On Fridays and weekends, the indicators of road accidents have the highest values, which is most likely due to the increase in the intensity of road traffic due to trips of city residents to nature, the country houses, visiting. The most traumatic period was the time from 16.00 to 20.00. The most traumatic month of the year is October (the maximum number of accidents, fatalities, injuries, severity of consequences is 10,40 %).

Prospects for the development of Mongolia’s infrastructure complex, taking into account the increase in cargo traffic

Arkhit Buyannemekh — 2024-12-28

The scientific article provides an assessment of the current state of Mongolia's railway infrastructure facilities and identifies key areas for its future development, taking into account the increase in domestic and transit cargo flows. The forecast values of freight flows until 2030 have been calculated, taking into account the creation of a network of new railway lines. A set of directions has been outlined within the framework of the presented technical policy of JSC «Ulaanbaatar Railway», its main objectives being the unhindered passage of planned train traffic volumes, eliminating the occurrence of risk cases, in accordance with the development parameters of the mining regions of the country. The stages of construction and operation of new railway infrastructure facilities for the export of mining products to China and third markets through the seaports of the Russian Far East, the Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur mainlines are considered. The problems are identified and the prospects for improving the efficiency of the border crossings of neighboring states are set. The analysis of the existing state is carried out and the prospects for the development of the railways of Russia and China, as well as planned measures for the construction of strategic high-speed railway lines and high-speed public railways are considered. It has been revealed that Mongolia can become the largest logistics center connecting Europe and Asia, as it will be possible to connect railway transport routes into a single system. The expanded railway network will provide access to the markets of China, Russia and Europe. Mongolia, Russia and China will play a key role in the Southeast Asian railway network in terms of geography.