Modern technologies. System analysis. Modeling

Expediency of container transportation in gondola wagons

Alina Arkad'evna Aksenova, Diana Yur'evna Grishkova — Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes relevance and importance of optimization process of rolling stock operation in the organization of container transportation technology. Lack of specialized rolling stock for container transport due to increased trans-shipment of imported goods, as well as increasing number of container trains in the East, are encouraging a reorganization of the use of rolling stock, using container transportation technology in gondola wagons. This study is based on the analysis of current transport volumes and assesses the feasibility of implementing the technology. The main argument for its use is that there is a significant imbalance between the number of specialized vehicles available for container transportation and the needs of the market. The application of container gondola wagon technology is presented as an effective solution to the problem of the exportation of imported containers, including issues of minimization of empty runs and optimization of the export processes for container shipments. Within the scope of research on the problems of ensuring the safety of transportation of goods, as well as the storage of the goods themselves and rolling stock, an analysis has been performed of modern innovative developments, which are in the active implementation stage, on the placement and securing of containers in gondola wagons. However, the application of the prevailing technology implies a complex set of organizational and conceptual activities. The infrastructure and technical resources of container terminals currently do not provide sufficient processing capacity to handle current overloaded volumes. The study on the effectiveness of container transportation technology in gondola wagons will include an analysis using the «Force Balance Diagram» developed by Kurt Lewin. This methodology involves the systematic identification and evaluation of factors influencing the decision-making, which allows to identify potential forces that promote or hinder the implementation of the technology in question.

Assessment of the possibility of using thermal insulation materials produced using ash and slag waste for the main roadbed platform

Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article briefly describes the planned modernization of the Southern Transsib stand-in, which allows faster delivery of goods to the Eastern Russian Railways Polygon from the mining and industrial centers of Southern Siberia. One of the problems in the construction of the second tracks on Southern Passage sections was raised, expressed in the search for solutions to stabilize the main roadbed platform. The fact is that one of the existing methods to combat the heaving of freezing and settlement of thawing soils does not always give the desired effect. We are talking about expanded polystyrene slabs. The defects of expanded polystyrene slabs during their laying are shown. A new material based on ash and slag waste for combating soil heaving is being considered. The material was developed and proposed by scientists from the Trans-Baikal Institute of Railway Transport. The possibility of using thermal insulation materials based on ash and slag waste for the main platform of the roadbed is being determined. The calculations were carried out using the Frost 3D Universal software package. The calculation is based on a real object on the Zapan – Tagul section of the Krasnoyarsk Railway. The conducted studies have shown that it is possible to use composite materials on especially heavily stressed lines, as well as lines of categories I-III on the main platform of the roadbed. However, this will require an increase in the thickness of the thermal insulation materials, which in turn may lead to an increase in the cost of the project. Nevertheless, on category IV lines, the use of composite materials is generally quite reasonable.

Brief survey of the use of vibration dampers in spring suspension structures of railway rolling stock and an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages

Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article provides a survey of the designs of vibration dampers used in spring suspension of rolling stock, provides positive results of using these devices, and analyzes them for disadvantages and advantages. A theoretical description of a single mechanical system, including rolling stock and railway track, was carried out. The oscillatory movements that occur during the movement of rolling stock, as well as the reasons causing them, are described. A computer simulation of the oscillatory motions of a two-mass system in the Mathcad environment has been performed in two computational cases. In the first case, the calculation was performed with a two-mass system including elastic and dissipative elements, in the second case, the system included only elastic elements. By carrying out this calculation, it is possible to show clearly the behavior of rolling stock with serviceable and faulty or missing vibration dampers. The analysis of the obtained graphs of vertical movements of the elements included in the two-mass system (trolley and body) is carried out. A survey of the existing types of vibration dampers has been performed. Their advantages and disadvantages are given. The classification of hydraulic vibration dampers based on their location in the spring suspension of rolling stock is described. The designs of hydraulic dampers are pointed out. It is indicated, however, that telescopic dampers are the most widespread. A possible alternative to hydraulic vibration dampers is pneumatic dampers, but they have significant disadvantages that limit their possible use. Some areas of improvement of hydraulic dampers are outlined. Improving the operability of various vibration damper designs can be one of the factors that increase the axial load and speed of rolling stock, and in some cases will reduce the impact on the environment.

Analysis of the state of the transport and logistics business of the «Russian Railways» holding company, taking into account the controlled factors of the influence by the internal environment

Natal’ya Vasil'evna Vlasova, Elena Yur'evna Tsaregorodtseva — Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Currently, in order to strengthen the competitive advantages of «Russian Railways» Holding in the field of transport and logistics services, it is advisable to implement a set of measures to build development programs focused on offering products to meet customer requirements as much as possible, including long-term planning of the service portfolio based on marketing programs, as well as integrated pricing policy, formed taking into account market conditions, competition within the framework of a single coordinated strategy and synchronized business plans of subsidiaries and affiliated companies of the transport and logistics business of the «Russian Railways» holding. While maintaining the existing trends in the development of the «Russian Railways» holding, the gap between the needs of consumers and the capabilities of the «Russian Railways» holding to provide them in the near future may lead to the economy facing serious infrastructural constraints on growth. In the new economic conditions, the «Russian Railways» holding’s strategy includes goals, objectives, and measures aimed at minimizing risks, overcoming existing barriers and constraints to the development of the transport and logistics business. The authors analyzed the current resources of the transport and logistics business in order to identify strengths and weaknesses. Currently, the key limitation is the lack of investment resources and cash flow generated for the development of the «Russian Railways» Holding’s transport and logistics business and the growth of its share in competitive market segments. When implementing end-to-end transport and logistics services, pricing is based on choosing the most efficient transport and technological schemes for multimodal transportation, taking into account the target marginality of the product for the transport and logistics business, ensuring the most effective financial result from joint transport and logistics operations within the framework of the «Russian Railways» Holding’s transport and logistics business. In the context of import substitution, it is advisable to determine the need for the development of terminal and logistics infrastructure facilities in the transport and logistics business, taking into account the elimination of their limiting «bottlenecks»; the implementation of a phased package of measures to modernize the existing terminal and warehouse complex; substantiation of technological capacities of regional terminal and logistics infrastructure facilities and ensuring their necessary processing capacity.

Prospects for the development of information technologies in the field of interaction of railway transport in international traffic

Roman Sergeevich Bol’shakov, Nadezhda Victorovna Davydova — Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article considers possibilities to integrate the existing logistics software systems typical for railway transport of the Russian Federation into specialized software products used by foreign countries. Using the example of the People's Republic of China, the article assesses the need, necessity and readiness to use a specialized information resource located in the global information space by shippers, freight forwarding companies and other organizations of foreign countries exporting goods by rail to the territory of the Russian Federation and in transit through the territory of the Russian Federation. The Internet resource under consideration allows to independently enter or automatically download information required for preliminary customs information with subsequent printing of a document for presentation to the railway carrier accepting the goods for transportation. Negative trends in filling out shipping documents and reducing the quality of the information received about the shipped cargo are analyzed. Some prerequisites for changing the existing information system used in rail transport are given. The article assesses the prospects of linking domestic software used for processing freight transportation to foreign information systems with different features of access to data on transported goods. Statistical data on changes in transportation volumes along transport corridors are presented. As a first approximation, the analysis of the expediency of using the proposed information resource is carried out, taking into account the positive and negative aspects of the process of its integration with automated systems used in railway transport in foreign countries.

Issues related to the formation of the order and frequency of provision of technological gates, the definition of limiting segments, the development of optimal schemes for multi-day lane closures

Evgeny Vitalievich Olentsevich, Alina Artemovna Elizar’eva — Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In recent years, the steady increase in the freight base of railways in the eastern direction of the Russian Federation has contributed to an increase in the intensity of operational work by JSC «Russian Railways», and therefore the organization of optimal schemes for multi-day closures of railway crossings for maintenance of planned repair activities at the facilities of the infrastructure complex of the Eastern Polygon is of strategic importance. In these operating conditions, the procedure for forming a clear order and frequency of providing technological gates, determining the limiting areas, and developing optimal schemes for multi-day closures is very relevant and timely. Its practical application makes it possible to increase the level of throughput and transportation capacities at all elements of the Polygon infrastructure, to provide opportunities for the implementation of a promising cargo flow. The formation and analysis of train timetable models has been carried out, which makes it possible to create an optimal technological process for the functioning of the railway transport system at the Eastern Railway Polygon, and also provides opportunities to reduce the operating costs of «Russian Railways», shippers and cargo recipients, owners of rolling stock, and other participants in the transportation process. Based on the model of providing «windows» and restrictions on the organization of train traffic in the limiting sections, the stages of providing «windows» have been developed, optimal schemes for the formation of technological gates have been determined using the operation of Mariinsk –Taishet section of the Trans-Siberian Railway as an example.

Analysis of reliability and efficiency of asynchronous auxiliary machines of electric locomotives

Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes and presents data from servicing locomotive depots and repair departments of operational locomotive depots at the Krasnoyarsk, East Siberian and Transbaikal traction directorates and Loco-Tech departments on visits of electric locomotives for inter-train repairs based on the results of work for 2023–2024 with a new type of fan motor manufactured by Novosibirsk Power Engineering Plant «Taira» LLC, Novosibirsk. The developments of the Irkutsk State Transport University on auxiliary machines failures in alternating current electric locomotives are analyzed and taken into account. The stages of production and manufacture of asynchronous auxiliary machines of the Soviet period and modern production are considered. The design features of the manufacture of asynchronous auxiliary machines for AC electric locomotives operating at the Eastern polygon have been studied. As well as the dynamic manufacturing features of both rotors with an aluminum alloy and a welded version of the winding with a copper rotor. The article hypothesizes that with existing power systems for deep-slot asynchronous auxiliary machines, not only the effect of current displacement in the rotor winding is manifested, but Foucault currents also arise, induced by the magnetic flux of the highest frequency in the upper layers of the rotor winding, causing melting of the surface of the rotor winding, according to the principle operation of electric induction furnaces. A method for preserving the insulation life of stator windings of asynchronous auxiliary machines is proposed. At the same time, there is an urgent need to continue research into the operation of this asynchronous auxiliary machine under various operation modes.

Efficiency of production organization by revision of time standards

Natal’ya Nikolaevna Grigor’eva — Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The social and economic growth of a society is conditioned by one of the most important factors, that is the increase in the efficiency of the production processes organization by directly increasing labor productivity while taking into account the interests and needs of a person. In the modern world, effective organization of production plays a fundamental role in the development of the economy, which is especially important for JSC «Russian Railways», the largest operator of railway transport in Russia. One of the most relevant means of solving these problems today is the rationing of labor in any structural division of the company. The functioning of the locomotive industry in the new economic realities requires innovative approaches to solving issues of technical re-equipment, the introduction of progressive resource-saving measures, the search for reserves in matters of production organization, economic and personnel policy. The introduction of polygon technologies had a direct impact on the organization of production at operational locomotive depots and on the organization of work of locomotive crews. Standards currently in use have been developed a while ago and do not correspond to modern technological and labor operations, hence the irrational use of not only working time, but also labor resources. In order to improve the organization of working hours of employees of locomotive crews and the implementation of a set of measures aimed at the effective use of locomotives, the article considers the option of revising the norms of time for locomotive acceptance and shortened testing of auto brakes using parallel operations.

Modal analysis and validation of the traction motor frame model NB-514B of the 2(3)ES5K electric locomotive

Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents the numerical modeling of shell vibrations using the traction motor frame NB-514 and cylindrical tanks as reference objects. A convergence analysis of the modeled vibrations was performed by comparing them with physical experiments. Special attention is paid to the mesh convergence and its critical impact on the accuracy of determining the fundamental mode frequency. The study has shown that achieving satisfactory convergence of modeling results requires reliable boundary conditions and the use of a finite element mesh with a step size not exceeding 3–5 times the wall thickness of the shell. Compliance with these conditions significantly reduces the modeling error of the fundamental frequency, bringing it down to approximately 10 % relative to experimental data. The results confirm the high efficiency and broad applicability of the finite element method for the numerical analysis of complex structures. This also represents an important step toward the development of digital twins of engineering products. The proposed methodology significantly reduces the need for physical testing and greatly improves the accuracy of equipment performance prediction. The work advances modern and innovative approaches to the study, design, and reliability improvement of locomotive electrical equipment, making it highly relevant for modern locomotive engineering and opening up new opportunities for integrating numerical simulation into the design and operational practices of traction rolling stock.

A systems approach to modeling incident response work in information security for a corporate information system

Yurii Mecheslavovich Krakovskii, Vladislav Pavlovich Kirgizbaev — Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The paper discusses a systematic approach to modeling incident response processes for information security in a corporate information system. To increase the effectiveness of information protection efforts, it is proposed to utilize a budget fund that accumulates and then disburses necessary financial resources. Corporate information system security is ensured under a financial constraint, making the introduction of new indicators in the form of single-factor financial risks essential. The budget fund manages the interaction of financial flows for accumulation and expenditure. Complex interconnections create a systemic effect known as emergence. In this case, the process describing the fund's state becomes non-stationary, although the interacting flows are either regular or stationary. For modeling this process, specialized algorithmic support has been developed based on an event calendar. The simulation progresses from event to event, with each event code having a dedicated subroutine created for handling it. A crucial component of these subroutines is the scheduling of the next event with the same code. The proposed mathematical support, accounting for new performance indicators, is implemented as software, with a simulation program based on discrete-event modeling as its core. The software was developed using the Python programming language, version 3.12. The system utilizes various Python modules (csv, random, sys, time, math, etc.). To simulate random variable values representing incident intervals and response costs, the simulation program supports various probability distributions, chosen for their applicability in risk theory, simulation modeling, and actuarial mathematics. Testing of the developed software and algorithmic framework confirmed its functionality, yielding both scientific and practical recommendations.

Modeling of thin-walled metal seals with reduced rigidity

Yurii Igorevich Belogolov — Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article considers the issues of reducing the dynamic (impact) load and, as a consequence, the required sealing force exerted by the moving part of the gate («spool») on the thin-walled metal seal («seat»), made in the form of an axisymmetric shell. The reduction of dynamic loads from the drive side can be achieved by compensating («unloading») the gate from the pressure of the sealed medium, or by lowering the reduced rigidity of the seal (shell). In the latter case, the thin-walled shell can be placed on a plate - the most technologically rational design. Such design solutions will be called thin-walled metal seals of low rigidity. The calculation and analysis of thin-walled seals of low rigidity of a more complex geometric shape, as compared to the above, should be carried out using specialized CAE modeling software packages, for example, APM WinMachine. Modeling of thin-walled seals is performed in the finite element analysis module APM Structure 3D. When loading thin-walled seals, the pressure component of the sealed (working) medium was not taken into account, assuming that the loading process occurs quickly enough. As a result of the calculations, «Maps» of equivalent SVM stresses and «Maps» of «saddle» displacements were obtained. In addition, the obtained results are compared with the results of studies conducted earlier for a thin-walled axisymmetric shell and a shell-plate «saddle». The results obtained for thin-walled seals of reduced rigidity indicate the possibility of reducing the rational dimensions (thickness) of the shell and the need to increase the rational dimensions (thickness) of the plate with the adopted initial geometric parameters.

Software package for assessing the quality of piloting based on data from onboard flight data recording devices

Victor Vladimirovich Kashkovsii, — Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aviation safety experts agree that the reason for many aviation incidents is an insufficient level of flight training. The reason for this Aviation safety experts agree that the reason for many aviation incidents is an insufficient level of flight training. The reason for this phenomenon, in turn, is that thanks to digitalization, almost the entire flight, except for takeoff and landing, takes place using an automatic control system. As a result, even experienced pilots lose their aircraft control skills. Therefore, according to experts, captains of aircraft should be constantly "taught to fly «manually». To increase the effectiveness of flight training, an objective automatic assessment of the quality of piloting is necessary. This paper presents an analysis of the subject area, the concept of assessing the quality of piloting, and the results of using the developed software package to assess the quality of piloting based on data from on-board flight information recording devices. The proposed concept of assessing the quality of piloting is based on the fact that in a coordinated landing maneuver, flight parameters are correlated with each other. It is used to build approach models for the following parameters: barometric altitude, instrument speed, normal overload, pitch and roll. Practice has shown that the complex objectively and reliably detects flights with deviations of the landing maneuver from the approach model. This makes it an effective tool for airlines, since assessing the quality of piloting is the information necessary not only for managers responsible for the quality of flight training, but also for the pilots themselves so that they can see their shortcomings. One of the most promising areas of application of the developed software package is flight schools and retraining centers for new equipment.