STUDY OF THE ENIGMA CIPHER MACHINE DEVICE AND SELECTION OF TOOLING FOR DEVELOPING ITS DIGITAL MODEL

Abstract

The article investigates the main stages of cryptography development with a focus on the Enigma cipher machine, which played a key role in ensuring communication security during World War II. The paper discusses its design features, including the rotor system, wiring system, and the encryption mechanism’s operation principle. The Enigma's algorithm, based on complex substitution and transposition of symbols, as well as changing the machine's settings to ensure dynamic cipher change, is described. An important part of the work is the formulation of the task of developing a digital model of the Enigma, aimed at accurately recreating its functionality in a modern context. Requirements for the model are outlined, such as the accuracy of simulating the encryption mechanism’s operation and its potential application in educational and research settings. Special attention is given to the selection of tooling for developing the digital model, including software and hardware solutions such as programming languages, simulators, and specialized platforms, which allow for the efficient implementation of the cryptographic mechanisms embedded in the original machine. The author analyzes approaches to modeling, considering both the use of modern computational resources and the historical characteristics of the device. The article will be useful for specialists in the fields of cryptography, computer security, as well as researchers in the history of cryptography and technical reconstruction. The results may be applied in educational courses on cryptography and the development of tools for analyzing and simulating historical cryptographic systems.