JUSTIFICATION OF THE CHOICE OF A RAILWAY TRACK SECTION FOR ANA-LYZING THE FORCES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN A WHEEL AND A RAIL US-ING STRAIN GAUGES

Abstract

This study focuses on substantiating the selection of a specific railway track section for strain gauge measurements of the wheel–rail interaction forces. With increasing axle loads, speeds, and the complexity of track geometry, it becomes essential to monitor the dynamic loads affecting the rail. The wheel–rail interface plays a critical role in determining rail wear, rolling stock stability, and overall operational safety.

The paper examines stress and force distributions occurring in curved sections of the track, particularly in transition curves where significant redistribution of vertical and lateral forces takes place. Simulation modeling was performed using the "Universal Mechanism" software on a curve with a 540 m radius. Results showed that vertical forces in transitions could reach 132 kN, while lateral forces rose to 20 kN—values considerably higher than those observed on straight sections.

To improve measurement accuracy, the installation of strain gauges is proposed at three key points: the entrance to the curve, the midpoint, and the exit. This strategic positioning enables comprehensive tracking of force dynamics across the entire curved segment. The data obtained provides a foundation for the development of advanced condition monitoring systems, assessment of infrastructure fatigue, and timely maintenance decision-making. The findings are particularly relevant for railways experiencing heavy and high-speed train traffic.