Factor of technological precision in the algorithm of constructive evolution of the axle box unit of freight wagons

Abstract

The tendency is considered of choosing a compositional solution according to the precision parameter when implementing a model into a workable device, which, in order to perform its main function, can acquire a new design solution, the whose level of perfection is determined by the assigned resource. As an adequate example, we used the axle box unit of a freight car, responsive to all loads and influences during the movement. The solution to the general problem is expected from not only the perspective of innovative technological support for production and repair, but also the creation of objectively more appropriate structural compositions with preferential localization of materials and parts, as well as maximizing import substitution. A preliminary generalization has been made in the evolution of the axle box unit of a freight wagon in connection with the development of precision in manufacturing processes whose basis currently being a roller bearing, which plays an adaptive role of transmitting vertical loads, and the presence of new structural materials as well as the availability of new structural materials, when the possibility of preventive rationalization appears, especially to increase the level of reliability and overall service life. The «isotropic» property of the material considered for use in the bearing design is confirmed, which, along with the declared parameters (low coefficient of friction ~ 0,02 and high hardness ~ 32 GPa), makes it possible to mitigate the level of precision requirements in manufacturing technology and the assignment of restrictions during the operation of the axle box unit in general. The article makes another attempt to develop the original position to present a technologically realistic applied aspect for the node optimization algorithm according to the criterion of precision, provided by the current state of science and production. Critically important in the composition of the axle box unit is the friction unit, which is operated in a very wide range of impacts and loads. An evolutionary structural composition based on a new antifriction material (AlMgB₁₄) in the «sliding bearing» design scheme is evaluated using possible comparative calculations in a computer program such as ANSYS and with an assigned optimization criterion. It is shown that solving the problem within the framework of a technological algorithm with step-by-step optimization of the influence on the process of evolution of a structural solution of a heavily loaded freight car unit transmitting a wide range of influences is technically and mathematically feasible and, after specialized experimental confirmation, is available for industry use.