Structural features of the transport and logistics services industry with identification of segments, consumers, competitors in the freight transportation cluster, forwarding and warehousing services

Abstract

Currently, under conditions of significant restrictions on cargo transportation, the Russian Railways holding company is faced with a number of state and social tasks in order to fulfill the state order. The strategic priority of the Transport and Logistics Business Holding «Russian Railways» is the improvement of 3-4PL services, the development of end-to-end transport and logistics services «from door to door», the provision of economically sound transport and logistics business products in the «single window» format, the integration of global supply chains, creating an IT bridgehead and competencies to prepare for the entry of products into the range of 5PL services. The business units of the Russian Railways holding plan to develop integrated services for coordinated interaction with clients and counterparties. The use of integrated solutions for managing transport and warehouse logistics is one of the main elements of logistics outsourcing. By 2030, the target portfolio of services of JSC «Russian Railways» will include comprehensive services for managing internal and external logistics of enterprises (3PL), as well as supply chain management within the framework of 4PL services, services for industrial enterprises with the organization of cargo delivery in the first and last mile. In the scientific article, the author analyzed transport and logistics services in the segment of consumers and competitors, identified strengths and weaknesses, and compiled a logistics outsourcing scheme (market diagram) 1 PL, 2 PL, 3 PL, 4 PL.I n Russia, the level of development of the 3PL services segment has the potential to become the fastest growing in the medium and long term. Increasing the transparency and reliability of transportation, strengthening the level of control over third-party transport and logistics companies will increase the share of the 3PL services segment. Thus, in general, the transport and logistics services industry requires significant structural changes in terms of improving the quality of the regulatory environment, infrastructure financing, especially in the railway segment (infrastructure is mainly financed only by the state, while private investors have weak interest in infrastructure projects), implementation of new solutions and technologies, which is confirmed by the fact that most of the market value is formed not through integrated logistics solutions, but through cargo transportation by one mode of transport.