Brief survey of the use of vibration dampers in spring suspension structures of railway rolling stock and an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages

Abstract

The article provides a survey of the designs of vibration dampers used in spring suspension of rolling stock, provides positive results of using these devices, and analyzes them for disadvantages and advantages. A theoretical description of a single mechanical system, including rolling stock and railway track, was carried out. The oscillatory movements that occur during the movement of rolling stock, as well as the reasons causing them, are described. A computer simulation of the oscillatory motions of a two-mass system in the Mathcad environment has been performed in two computational cases. In the first case, the calculation was performed with a two-mass system including elastic and dissipative elements, in the second case, the system included only elastic elements. By carrying out this calculation, it is possible to show clearly the behavior of rolling stock with serviceable and faulty or missing vibration dampers. The analysis of the obtained graphs of vertical movements of the elements included in the two-mass system (trolley and body) is carried out. A survey of the existing types of vibration dampers has been performed. Their advantages and disadvantages are given. The classification of hydraulic vibration dampers based on their location in the spring suspension of rolling stock is described. The designs of hydraulic dampers are pointed out. It is indicated, however, that telescopic dampers are the most widespread. A possible alternative to hydraulic vibration dampers is pneumatic dampers, but they have significant disadvantages that limit their possible use. Some areas of improvement of hydraulic dampers are outlined. Improving the operability of various vibration damper designs can be one of the factors that increase the axial load and speed of rolling stock, and in some cases will reduce the impact on the environment.